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History of the Indian Flag

The history of the Indian flag is a testament to the country’s struggle for independence and its rich cultural heritage. The current flag, adopted on July 22, 1947, has evolved through various stages:

1. 1906 – Calcutta Flag:

• The first unofficial flag of India, hoisted by freedom fighters in Calcutta (now Kolkata).
• It featured three horizontal stripes of green, yellow, and red.
• The green stripe had eight half-opened lotus flowers, symbolizing the country’s provinces.
• The yellow stripe bore the words “Vande Mataram” in Devanagari script.
• The red stripe had a crescent and a star on the left and a sun on the right.

1. 1917 – Home Rule Movement Flag:

• Used during the Home Rule Movement led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant.
• It had five red and four green horizontal stripes and seven stars in the shape of the constellation Saptarishi.
• A Union Jack was placed in the top left corner, symbolizing the British rule, and a white crescent and star were on the top right corner.

1. 1921 – Gandhi’s Flag:

• Proposed by Mahatma Gandhi and designed by Pingali Venkayya.
• It had three horizontal stripes of white, green, and red.
• The white stripe symbolized minority communities, the green represented Muslims, and the red stood for Hindus.
• A spinning wheel (charkha) was placed at the center, symbolizing self-reliance and the Swadeshi movement.

1. 1931 – Tricolor Flag:

• Adopted by the Indian National Congress.
• It had three horizontal stripes of saffron, white, and green.
• The charkha remained in the center of the white stripe.
• This flag was the precursor to the current national flag.

1. 1947 – Present Flag:

• Adopted on July 22, 1947, as the official flag of independent India.
• Designed by Pingali Venkayya with three horizontal stripes of saffron, white, and green.
• The charkha was replaced by the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel in navy blue, at the center of the white stripe.

Colors and Their Meanings

1. Saffron (Top Stripe):

• Symbolizes courage and sacrifice.
• Represents the strength and bravery of the country.

1. White (Middle Stripe):

• Denotes peace and truth.
• Reflects the country’s commitment to truth and honesty.

1. Green (Bottom Stripe):

• Stands for faith and chivalry.
• Represents fertility, growth, and auspiciousness of the land.

1. Ashoka Chakra (24-Spoke Wheel):

• Located at the center of the white stripe.
• Represents the eternal wheel of law (Dharma Chakra).
• Symbolizes motion and progress, reminding citizens of the dynamism of a peaceful change.

The Indian flag, with its rich history and profound symbolism, continues to inspire and unite the nation.

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